Better to Obey ...

I came across a very interesting quote from Brigham Young (JD 8:12-13, March 5, 1860). I think of this as a discussion of "Type I" and "Type II" errors in obedience. When we take it upon ourselves to determine which beggar needs our help or which direction from a church authority is actually from God (thus, meriting obedience) we may make two kinds of mistakes: doing what we should when we should not, or not doing what we should when we should. Brigham was speaking in the context of people questioning some things he does or directs. It is evident that he has a good reason for what he is doing. It is also evident that what he is doing is within his stewardship. Here is the quote:

I have very little to say to men who are dissatisfied with my course, or with the course of my brethren. Some have wished me to explain why we built an adobie wall around city. Are there any Saints who stumble at such things? Oh, slow of heart to understand and believe. I build walls, dig ditches, make bridges, and do a great amount and variety of labour that is of but little consequence only to provide ways and means for sustaining and preserving the destitute. I annually expend hundreds and thousands of dollars almost solely to furnish employment to those in want of labour. Why? I have potatoes, flour, beef, and other articles of food, which I wish my brethren to have; and it is better for them to labour for those articles, so far as they are able and have opportunity, than to have them given to them. They work, and I deal out provisions, often when the work does not profit me.

When a man begins to find fault, inquiring in regard to this, that, and the other, saying, "Does this or that look as though the Lord dictated it?" you may know that that person has more or less of the spirit of apostasy. Every man in this kingdom, or upon the face of the earth, who is seeking with all his heart to save himself, has as much to do as he can conveniently attend to, without calling in question that which does not belong to him. If he succeeds in saving himself, it has well occupied his time and attention. See to it that you are right yourselves; see that sins and folly do not manifest themselves with the rising sun. I repeat that it is as much as any one can well do to take care of himself by performing every duty that pertains to his temporal and eternal welfare.

Suppose that in this community there are ten beggars who beg from door to door for something to eat, and that nine of them are impostors who beg to escape work, and with an evil heart practise imposition upon the generous and sympathetic, and that only one of the ten who visit your doors is worthy of your bounty; which is best, to give food to the ten, to make sure of helping the truly needy one, or to repulse the ten because you do not know which is the worthy one? You will all say, Administer charitable gifts to the ten, rather than turn away the only truly worthy and truly needy person among them. If you do this, it will make no difference in your blessings, whether you administer to worthy or unworthy persons, inasmuch as you give alms with a single eye to assist the truly needy.

Again: Suppose that you are required to do ten pieces of work, but of the ten only one is necessary for the promotion of the kingdom of God; which had you better do - perform the ten pieces of labour, to be sure of doing the right piece, or neglect the whole ten because you do not know which the right one is? Had you not better do the whole ten pieces, that you may be sure of performing that which the Lord does really require at your hands?

First, believe in the Lord God Almighty, in his Son Jesus Christ, and in his Prophets that he sent in days of old; then believe in Joseph Smith, and do the works of the Father, before you question what I dictate to this people.

This seems worthy of very careful thought. It may apply in more circumstances that just what Brigham was discussing. Maybe we need to better honor the agency and stewardship of those who are called to positions of responsibility. At the least, this quote gives reason for caution and selective generosity or selective obedience.

Hearken to the Lord's Precepts

I recently heard a friend in our ward talk about the various approaches we take when we read the Book of Mormon. One in particular caught my attention. He described the process of reading for some number of minutes, pages, or chapters per day as treating the Book of Mormon like comfort food. This is not always the case with regular reading. Yet, we can often fall into a comfortable pattern of enjoying the satisfaction of reading every day without actually getting to the real purpose of our reading. It is comforting to do a good thing, yet we may miss the real power of the Book of Mormon.

In the introduction to the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith is quoted as saying, “I told the brethren that the Book of Mormon was the most correct of any book on earth, and the keystone of our religion, and a man would get nearer to God by abiding by its precepts, than by any other book.” This is a promise that can be tested. We can abide by the precepts of the Book of Mormon and see if we, in fact, get nearer to God. (Just to be sure I am understanding this promise, I looked up the word precept and found that it means, "a general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought.")

Near the end of his record, Nephi teaches us something very important about people in our day. Nephi warns, in 2 Nephi 28:

  29 Wo be unto him that shall say: We have received the word of God, and we need no more of the word of God, for we have enough!
  30 For behold, thus saith the Lord God: I will give unto the children of men line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little; and blessed are those who hearken unto my precepts, and lend an ear unto my counsel, for they shall learn wisdom; for unto him that receiveth I will give more; and from them that shall say, We have enough, from them shall be taken away even that which they have.

Nephi saw our day. And, in speaking to us he warned us that we might be tempted to feel that we have received the word of God and that we have enough. We have been blessed with abundant modern scripture. Yet, we might feel that simply having, and reading, the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price is enough.

Joseph Smith promises us that if we abide by the precepts of the Book of Mormon we will draw closer to God. Nephi reinforces that promise with the added insight that as we hearken to God's precepts we will receive line upon line, precept upon precept. And when we receive more, God will give us more. These are wonderful promises that require active reading to receive the blessings.

I want to suggest an approach to active reading that I have found to be very effective. Here is a process that can be followed to actively hearken to, and abide by, the precepts of God taught in the Book of Mormon. First, as you read, notice any verse that seems to catch your attention. At first you may not even know quite why that verse (or passage) caught your attention. Stop and think about what precept may be taught by that passage of scripture. Write down the reference and the precept. Then, look for other places in scripture where that same precept may be taught. Comparing other scriptures will enhance your understanding the of the precept. Next, translate what you learned into something you can do as an experiment to see if the precept does, in fact, bring you closer to God. Spend a week (or more if needed) living the precept as you pray and ask to understand and to be closer to God. Finally, write down what you learned through the experience.

The steps are summarized as follows:

Precept (Identify a precept that will help you get closer to God. Include the Book of Mormon reference containing the precept.) 

Other Scriptures that Teach the Precept (Identify other scriptures that teach the same precept either directly or indirectly through stories or analogy.) 

What You Can Do to Live this Precept (Determine what specific actions you could take to live this precept to see if you get closer to God.) 

Your Experience (Write down what you learned based upon your experience trying to live the precept you have identified. Be honest. Do you feel closer to God? Did you misunderstand the precept? Did you learn that living the precept requires something different than you thought? Really learn from what you are doing.) 

If you repeat this process week after week, you will soon find that each of these experiments has become a building block in the foundation of your testimony of the Book of Mormon (See Alma 32:26-27). You will know that abiding by the precepts of the Book of Mormon brings you closer to God. You will know Jesus Christ better because the Book of Mormon testifies of Him.

I have written about the importance of learning before (Click here for that post). I believe that we must be pro-active in our learning. It is not enough to feel good about the Word of God. We must allow it to guide us. We must come to know God through the process of obeying His commandments. One way to do this is to notice the commandments that are implicit in the precepts taught in the Book of Mormon. We are promised that when we obey His commandments we will have His Spirit to be with us.


(Note: Here is a link to the form I give my students.)

One more quote from Hugh B. Brown:

"When the gospel was restored, the Lord advised us, through the Prophet Joseph Smith, that a great and marvelous work was to come forth. Since that time there has been a revolution in knowledge in all fields of human endeavor. It is therefore incumbent upon us to be well informed and proficient through study, reading and prayer. The Lord never puts a premium on sluggish thinking. Sluggishness of spirit is most deplorable. We must be prepared to meet men of science and knowledge and present to them the gospel in the light of what they already have. (From a BYU Devotional Address, June 9, 1964)

Here is a quote from President Hugh B. Brown that I find very inspiring. It is from an address to BYU faculty given on September 11, 1961:

You will have a greater influence on a greater number of people in the church than any other group, for you will meet ten thousand of them each day. We meet them once a week, perhaps, and then we meet only a few. We meet them under different circumstances and talk down to them and they go away smiling, perhaps. But you are right down there among them, and we want to charge you with the responsibility of filling in where we fail. Give to them your individual testimonies of the divinity of this work.

The Pursuit of Truth

I found the following quote in "Be Aware-Beware" given at BYU on May 24, 1962 by Hugh B. Brown:

Be dauntless in your pursuit of truth and resist all demands for unthinking conformity. No one would have you become mere tape recorders of other people's thoughts. Be modest and teachable and seek to know the truth by study and also by faith. There have been times when progress was halted by thought control. Tolerance and truth demand that all be heard and that competing ideas be tested against each other so that the best, which might not always be your own, can prevail.

The Key of the Ministering of Angels

The Aaronic priesthood is often described as the "preparatory priesthood." Often, the preparation is thought of as young men being prepared for the Melchizedek priesthood. While this is appropriate and leads to many good insights about the service a young man renders while holding the Aaronic priesthood, the words "preparatory priesthood" are not found in scripture. Rather, we find in D&C 84: 26-27, "[The Aaronic] priesthood holdeth the key of the ministering of angels and the preparatory gospel; Which gospel is the gospel of repentance and of baptism, and the remission of sins, and the law of carnal commandments ..."

Notice that the keys held by the Aaronic priesthood include the ministering of angels and the preparatory gospel, including the gospel of repentance, baptism, and the remission of sins, and the law of carnal commandments. Thus, holding the key of the preparatory gospel makes the Aaronic priesthood a preparatory priesthood. In other words, rather than the focus being on the preparation of young men for the Melchizedek priesthood, the focus is on the Aaronic priesthood holding the keys that prepare members of the church for the higher blessings available through the Melchizedek priesthood.

While the preparatory gospel seems familiar, I have long wondered about the key of the ministering of Angels. The scriptures contain many stories of literal appearances of angels. Yet, when I was a young holder of the Aaronic priesthood I never saw an angel. In addition, I was unsure of how the key of the ministering of angels worked. In a wonderful talk called, "The Aaronic Priesthood and the Sacrament," (General Conference, October 1998) Elder Dallin H. Oaks explains:

But the ministering of angels can also be unseen. Angelic messages can be delivered by a voice or merely by thoughts or feelings communicated to the mind. President John Taylor described “the action of the angels, or messengers of God, upon our minds, so that the heart can conceive … revelations from the eternal world” (Gospel Kingdom, sel. G. Homer Durham [1987], 31). 

Nephi described three manifestations of the ministering of angels when he reminded his rebellious brothers that (1) they had “seen an angel,” (2) they had “heard his voice from time to time,” and (3) also that an angel had “spoken unto [them] in a still small voice” though they were “past feeling” and “could not feel his words” (1 Ne. 17:45). The scriptures contain many other statements that angels are sent to teach the gospel and bring men to Christ (see Heb. 1:14; Alma 39:19; Moro. 7:25, 29, 31–32; D&C 20:35). Most angelic communications are felt or heard rather than seen. 

How does the Aaronic Priesthood hold the key to the ministering of angels? The answer is the same as for the Spirit of the Lord. 

In general, the blessings of spiritual companionship and communication are only available to those who are clean. As explained earlier, through the Aaronic Priesthood ordinances of baptism and the sacrament, we are cleansed of our sins and promised that if we keep our covenants we will always have His Spirit to be with us. I believe that promise not only refers to the Holy Ghost but also to the ministering of angels, for “angels speak by the power of the Holy Ghost; wherefore, they speak the words of Christ” (2 Ne. 32:3). So it is that those who hold the Aaronic Priesthood open the door for all Church members who worthily partake of the sacrament to enjoy the companionship of the Spirit of the Lord and the ministering of angels. 

I love this insight. We become clean as we begin to exercise faith sufficient to repent of our sins and, as a result of baptism, enjoy the blessings of the gift of the Holy Ghost in our lives. Thus, it seems that the key of the ministering of angels is intertwined with the key of the preparatory gospel because it is by receiving the preparatory gospel that we begin to receive the guidance of angels who speak by the power of the Holy Ghost. What a remarkable blessing it is to know that our Father in Heaven loves us enough to provide guidance through the power of the Holy Ghost, including angels who speak by that power. As Alma said in Alma 32:

  23 And now, he imparteth his word by angels unto men, yea, not only men but women also. Now this is not all; little children do have words given unto them many times, which confound the wise and the learned.

This promise is to all men, women and children. Those who are clean, or become clean through the preparatory gospel, receive God's word through angels working by the power of the Holy Ghost. And, as Nephi taught his brothers, that will include angels speaking by a still small voice. With time, that voice may grow into a voice that is heard, or even the literal appearance of angels. But, even if we don't literally see angels, there is great peace in knowing that we can be guided by the "still small voice" of angels speaking by the power of the Holy Ghost. I am very grateful for the the preparatory gospel and for the ministering of angels.

Learning to Understand Symbols

Because of the sacred nature of the ordinances performed in the temple there is very little written about learning through the symbolic representations in the temple ceremonies. There are two ordinances, however, that are public and viewable by all who attend. Those are baptism and the sacrament. Both of these ordinances are performed with prayers that are repeated word for word and performances that are specifically followed each and every time. Because both of these ordinances involve symbols, much can be learned of how ideas are communicated through symbols.

In many ways we are all very familiar with communication through symbols. The words you are reading are made up of 26 letters combined into words and sentences following conventions of spelling and grammar. These same ideas could be communicated using the same alphabet but with different spelling and grammar conventions in Spanish or French, for example. In fact, these same ideas could be communicated using very different Japanese characters that are organized according to conventions of grammar and that are analogous to spelling. The point is, we use symbols to communicate deeper truths that exist regardless of the language we choose to employ when communicating.

Consider baptism as a symbolic communication. The Lord has instructed us about the symbolic meaning of baptism. For example, through Joseph Smith the Lord says in D&C 128:

  12 Herein is glory and honor, and immortality and eternal life—The ordinance of baptism by water, to be immersed therein in order to answer to the likeness of the dead, that one principle might accord with the other; to be immersed in the water and come forth out of the water is in the likeness of the resurrection of the dead in coming forth out of their graves; hence, this ordinance was instituted to form a relationship with the ordinance of baptism for the dead, being in likeness of the dead.
  13 Consequently, the baptismal font was instituted as a similitude of the grave, and was commanded to be in a place underneath where the living are wont to assemble, to show forth the living and the dead, and that all things may have their likeness, and that they may accord one with another—that which is earthly conforming to that which is heavenly ...

We know from these verses, and other scripture, that we will all die and be buried in the grave. We also know that we will all be resurrected with our spirits clothed in bodies of flesh and bone. These ideas can be communicated in words. They can also be communicated by considering the baptismal font to be in similitude of the grave. As we step into the water and are immersed we are going through a process that is in likeness of death, burial and resurrection. In essence, we can write the words, "You will one day die, be buried in the grave, and come forth in the resurrection through the gift of Jesus Christ and according to the plan of the Father. The Holy Ghost will testify of this." Or, we can perform the ordinance of baptism and ponder the meaning of the symbols. The Holy Ghost will teach us the truth of the message of baptism as we ponder the symbols in connection with the words of scripture that teach us the same meaning as what the ordinance portrays.

There is a key difference between reading the words and submitting to the ordinance. The words of scripture are like theory. They describe things that other people have come to know and understand. They point the way to what we need to learn. The ordinance, on the other hand, is an experiential role-play of eternally significant truths. And, because the symbols can only be understood in a personal way through the Holy Ghost, there is personal revelation involved in learning through the symbols of priesthood ordinances. Even if you read descriptions of the symbols in ordinances, they are not yours until you prayerfully ponder, with scriptures in mind, the symbolic representations for yourself and then receive the witness of the Holy Ghost.

Similarly, the sacrament employs symbols of bread and wine (or water in our current practice). There are numerous scriptures that help us understand what is being communicated by bread and wine (water) that is blessed by priests and consumed by followers of Jesus Christ in obedience to the commandment of the Father. Again, the Holy Ghost testifies of the truths being communicated. One example of what the scriptures teach is in the JST of Mark 14:

  20 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them, and said, Take it, and eat.
  21 Behold, this is for you to do in remembrance of my body; for as oft as ye do this ye will remember this hour that I was with you.
  22 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them; and they all drank of it.
  23 And he said unto them, This is in remembrance of my blood which is shed for many, and the new testament which I give unto you; for of me ye shall bear record unto all the world.
  24 And as oft as ye do this ordinance, ye will remember me in this hour that I was with you and drank with you of this cup, even the last time in my ministry.

As I tried to do with baptism, we could write a sentence or consider the symbol in an ordinance that communicates the same idea. For example, we could write, "I remember that Jesus Christ lived bodily among mortals and showed himself embodied again as a resurrected being in obedience to the commandments of the Father and as testified by the Holy Ghost." Or, we could partake of bread that has been blessed and sanctified by priests in accordance with the commandments of the Father and as witnessed by the Holy Ghost. Either way, we communicate a fundamental gospel truth. But, there is a personal experiential aspect to the sacrament. And, the truth is learned in a deeper, more meaningful, way as the Holy Ghost teaches us by means of the symbols of the priesthood ordinance of the sacrament.

There is so much more to learn than the simple examples I have given here. I plan to continue to ponder the symbols of these ordinances in order to learn more about the mission of Jesus Christ. By doing so I hope to be more obedient to my Father in Heaven and to enjoy the inspiration of the Holy Ghost in greater abundance. I have also found that this approach to learning through the symbols presented in temple ordinances leads to insights about Jesus Christ and the plan of salvation. As we ponder the symbols associated with priesthood ordinances, the Holy Ghost teaches us in very personal and powerful ways. Eternal truths are no longer theory expressed in words, they are reality learned through the power of the Holy Ghost and the experiential learning of priesthood ordinances.